All HTTP status codes
4xx Client Error
RFC 9110
403 Forbidden
The server understood the request but refuses to authorize it.
What it means
HTTP 403 Forbidden means the client is authenticated but does not have permission to access the resource. Unlike 401, no further authentication will help — the user simply lacks privileges.
When it's used
Permission denied scenarios, IP blocks, geo-restrictions, role-based access control failures.
Common causes
- User lacks the required role or permission
- IP address blocked by firewall or rate limiter
- Geo-restriction blocking the country
- CORS policy rejecting the request
- WAF blocking suspicious traffic
How to fix it
- Check user roles and permissions in your auth system
- Whitelist the IP if it was blocked in error
- Verify CORS headers if calling cross-origin
- Review WAF logs for false-positive blocks
Example response
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Content-Type: text/html
SEO impact
Pages returning 403 will be deindexed. If you must restrict, prefer 404 to avoid signaling existence to bots.